Template:Infobox cerium

Cerium, ₅₈Ce

File:Cerium2.jpg
Cerium
Pronunciation	/ˈsɪəriəm/ ​(SEER-ee-əm)
Appearance	silvery white
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Ce)
	140.116±0.001 140.12±0.01 (abridged)
Cerium in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson – ↑ Ce ↓ Th lanthanum ← cerium → praseodymium
Atomic number (Z)	58
Group	f-block groups (no number)
Period	period 6
Block	f-block
Electron configuration	[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 19, 9, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Melting point	1068 K ​(795 °C, ​1463 °F)
Boiling point	3716 K ​(3443 °C, ​6229 °F)
Density (at 20° C)	β-Ce: 6.689 g/cm3 γ-Ce: 6.769 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	6.55 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	5.46 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	398 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	26.94 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 1992 2194 2442 2754 3159 3705
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	common: +3, +4 +2
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.12
Ionization energies	1st: 534.4 kJ/mol 2nd: 1050 kJ/mol 3rd: 1949 kJ/mol (more)
Atomic radius	empirical: 181.8 pm
Covalent radius	204±9 pm
Color lines in a spectral range Spectral lines of cerium
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordial
Crystal structure	β-Ce: ​double hexagonal close-packed (dhcp) (hP4)
Lattice constants	Double hexagonal close packed crystal structure for β-Ce: cerium a = 0.36811 nm c = 1.1857 nm (at 20 °C)
Crystal structure	γ-Ce: ​face-centered cubic (fcc) (cF4)
Lattice constant	Face-centered cubic crystal structure for γ-Ce: cerium a = 0.51612 nm (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	β-Ce: 6.1×10−6/K γ-Ce: 6.1×10−6/K (at 20 °C)
Thermal conductivity	11.3 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity	β-Ce, poly: 828 nΩ⋅m (at r.t.)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Molar magnetic susceptibility	β-Ce: +2450.0×10−6 cm3/mol (293 K)
Young's modulus	γ-Ce: 33.6 GPa
Shear modulus	γ-Ce: 13.5 GPa
Bulk modulus	γ-Ce: 21.5 GPa
Speed of sound thin rod	2100 m/s (at 20 °C)
Poisson ratio	γ-Ce: 0.24
Mohs hardness	2.5
Vickers hardness	210–470 MPa
Brinell hardness	186–412 MPa
CAS Number	7440-45-1
History
Naming	after dwarf planet Ceres, itself named after Roman deity of agriculture Ceres
Discovery	Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger (1803)
First isolation	William Francis Hillebrand (1875)
Isotopes of cerium
Main isotopes Decay abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct 134Ce synth 3.16 d ε 134La 136Ce 0.186% stable 138Ce 0.251% stable 139Ce synth 137.640 d ε 139La 140Ce 88.4% stable 141Ce synth 32.501 d β− 141Pr 142Ce 11.1% stable 143Ce synth 33.039 h β− 143Pr 144Ce synth 284.893 d β− 144Pr

Ce · Cerium
La ← ibox La	iso 58 Ce  [] IB-Ce [] IBisos []	→ Pr ibox Pr
File:Symbol category class.svg cat:Ce (0) File:Symbol category class.svg cat:Ce-isotopes (0) File:Commons-logo.svg Commons File:Wikidata-logo.svg Wikidata:Q1385 File:Wiktionary-logo.svg Wiktionary
indexes by PT (page)

child table, as reused in {IB-Ce}
Main isotopes of cerium
Main isotopes Decay abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct 134Ce synth 3.16 d ε 134La 136Ce 0.186% stable 138Ce 0.251% stable 139Ce synth 137.640 d ε 139La 140Ce 88.4% stable 141Ce synth 32.501 d β− 141Pr 142Ce 11.1% stable 143Ce synth 33.039 h β− 143Pr 144Ce synth 284.893 d β− 144Pr

Data sets read by {{Infobox element}}
Name and identifiers
Symbol etymology (11 non-trivial)
Top image (caption, alt)	caption: alt:
Pronunciation
Allotropes (overview)
Group (overview)
Period (overview)
Block (overview)
Natural occurrence
Phase at STP
Oxidation states
Spectral lines image
Electron configuration (cmt, ref)
Isotopes
Standard atomic weight
most stable isotope
File:Notification-icon-Wikidata-logo.svg Wikidata
Wikidata *
* Not used in {{Infobox element}} (2023-01-01) See also {{Index of data sets}} · Cat:data sets (0) · (this table: )

References

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