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Vanadium, 23V
File:Vanadium crystal bar and 1cm3 cube.jpg
Vanadium
Pronunciation/vəˈneɪdiəm/ ​(və-NAY-dee-əm)
Appearanceblue-silver-grey metal
Standard atomic weight Ar°(V)
Vanadium in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson
–
↑
V
↓
Nb
titanium ← vanadium → chromium
Atomic number (Z)23
Groupgroup 5
Periodperiod 4
Block  d-block
Electron configuration[Ar] 3d3 4s2
Electrons per shell2, 8, 11, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolid
Melting point2183 K ​(1910 °C, ​3470 °F)
Boiling point3680 K ​(3407 °C, ​6165 °F)
Density (at 20° C)6.099 g/cm3 [3]
when liquid (at m.p.)5.5 g/cm3
Heat of fusion21.5 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization444 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity24.89 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 2101 2289 2523 2814 3187 3679
Atomic properties
Oxidation statescommon: +5
−3,[4] −1,[5] 0,[6] +1,[5] +2,[5] +3,[5] +4[5]
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.63
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 650.9 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 1414 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 2830 kJ/mol
  • (more)
Atomic radiusempirical: 134 pm
Covalent radius153±8 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines of vanadium
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordial
Crystal structure ​body-centered cubic (bcc) (cI2)
Lattice constanta = 302.72 pm (at 20 °C)[3]
Thermal expansion8.77×10−6/K (at 20 °C)[3]
Thermal conductivity30.7 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity197 nΩ⋅m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic orderingparamagnetic
Molar magnetic susceptibility+255.0×10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)[7]
Young's modulus128 GPa
Shear modulus47 GPa
Bulk modulus160 GPa
Speed of sound thin rod4560 m/s (at 20 °C)
Poisson ratio0.37
Mohs hardness6.7
Vickers hardness628–640 MPa
Brinell hardness600–742 MPa
CAS Number7440-62-2
History
DiscoveryAndrés Manuel del Río[8] (1801)
First isolationHenry Enfield Roscoe (1867)
Named byNils Gabriel Sefström (1830)
Isotopes of vanadium
Main isotopes Decay
abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
48V synth 16 d β+ 48Ti
49V synth 330 d ε 49Ti
50V 0.25% 2.71×1017 y β+ 50Ti
51V 99.8% stable
File:Symbol category class.svg Category: Vanadium
| references
child table, as reused in {IB-V}
Main isotopes of vanadium
Main isotopes Decay
abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
48V synth 16 d β+ 48Ti
49V synth 330 d ε 49Ti
50V 0.25% 2.71×1017 y β+ 50Ti
51V 99.8% stable
Data sets read by {{Infobox element}}
Name and identifiers
Symbol etymology (11 non-trivial)
Top image (caption, alt) caption:

alt:
Pronunciation
Allotropes (overview)
Group (overview)
Period (overview)
Block (overview)
Natural occurrence
Phase at STP
Oxidation states
Spectral lines image
Electron configuration (cmt, ref)
Isotopes
Standard atomic weight
  most stable isotope
File:Notification-icon-Wikidata-logo.svg Wikidata
Wikidata *
* Not used in {{Infobox element}} (2023-01-01)
See also {{Index of data sets}} · Cat:data sets (0) · (this table:
)

References

These references will appear in the article, but this list appears only on this page.
  1. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2088: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  2. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2088: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2088: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  4. ↑ V(–3) is known in V(CO)3−5; see Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2088: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2088: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  6. ↑ V(0) is known in V(CO)6; see Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2088: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  7. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2088: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  8. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2088: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).

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