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Krypton, 36Kr
File:Krypton discharge tube.jpg
A krypton-filled discharge tube glowing white
Krypton
Pronunciation/ˈkrɪptɒn/ ​(KRIP-ton)
Appearancecolorless gas, exhibiting a whitish glow in an electric field
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Kr)
Krypton in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson
Ar
↑
Kr
↓
Xe
bromine ← krypton → rubidium
Atomic number (Z)36
Groupgroup 18 (noble gases)
Periodperiod 4
Block  p-block
Electron configuration[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p6
Electrons per shell2, 8, 18, 8
Physical properties
Phase at STPgas
Melting point115.78 K ​(−157.37 °C, ​−251.27 °F)
Boiling point119.93 K ​(−153.415 °C, ​−244.147 °F)
Density (at STP)3.749 g/L
when liquid (at b.p.)2.413 g/cm3[3]
Triple point115.775 K, ​73.53 kPa[4][5]
Critical point209.48 K, 5.525 MPa[5]
Heat of fusion1.64 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization9.08 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity20.95[6] J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 59 65 74 84 99 120
Atomic properties
Oxidation statescommon: +2
+1,?
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 3.00
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 1350.8 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 2350.4 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 3565 kJ/mol
Covalent radius116±4 pm
Van der Waals radius202 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines of krypton
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordial
Crystal structure ​face-centered cubic (fcc) (cF4)
Lattice constanta = 583.57 pm (at triple point: 115.78 K)[7]
Thermal conductivity9.43×10−3  W/(m⋅K)
Magnetic orderingdiamagnetic[8]
Molar magnetic susceptibility−28.8×10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)[9]
Speed of sound(gas, 20 °C) 221 m·s−1
(liquid) 1120 m/s
CAS Number7439-90-9
History
Discovery and first isolationWilliam Ramsay and Morris Travers (1898)
Isotopes of krypton
Main isotopes[10] Decay
abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
78Kr 0.360% 9.2×1021 y[11] εε 78Se
79Kr synth 35 h ε 79Br
β+ 79Br
γ –
80Kr 2.29% stable
81Kr trace 2.3×105 y ε 81Br
81mKr synth 13.10 s IT 81Kr
ε 81Br
82Kr 11.6% stable
83Kr 11.5% stable
84Kr 57.0% stable
85Kr trace 11 y β− 85Rb
86Kr 17.3% stable
File:Symbol category class.svg Category: Krypton
| references
child table, as reused in {IB-Kr}
Main isotopes of krypton
Main isotopes[10] Decay
abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
78Kr 0.360% 9.2×1021 y[11] εε 78Se
79Kr synth 35 h ε 79Br
β+ 79Br
γ –
80Kr 2.29% stable
81Kr trace 2.3×105 y ε 81Br
81mKr synth 13.10 s IT 81Kr
ε 81Br
82Kr 11.6% stable
83Kr 11.5% stable
84Kr 57.0% stable
85Kr trace 11 y β− 85Rb
86Kr 17.3% stable
Data sets read by {{Infobox element}}
Name and identifiers
Symbol etymology (11 non-trivial)
Top image (caption, alt) caption:

alt:
Pronunciation
Allotropes (overview)
Group (overview)
Period (overview)
Block (overview)
Natural occurrence
Phase at STP
Oxidation states
Spectral lines image
Electron configuration (cmt, ref)
Isotopes
Standard atomic weight
  most stable isotope
File:Notification-icon-Wikidata-logo.svg Wikidata
Wikidata *
* Not used in {{Infobox element}} (2023-01-01)
See also {{Index of data sets}} · Cat:data sets (0) · (this table:
)

References

These references will appear in the article, but this list appears only on this page.
  1. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2088: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  2. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2088: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  3. ↑ Krypton. encyclopedia.airliquide.com
  4. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2088: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2088: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  6. ↑ Shuen-Chen Hwang, Robert D. Lein, Daniel A. Morgan (2005). "Noble Gases". Kirk Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. Wiley. pp. 343–383. doi:10.1002/0471238961.0701190508230114.a01.
  7. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2088: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  8. ↑ Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2088: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  9. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2088: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2088: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2088: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value). See p. 768

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