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Yttrium, 39Y
File:Yttrium sublimed dendritic and 1cm3 cube.jpg
Yttrium
Pronunciation/ˈɪtriəm/ ​(IT-ree-əm)
Appearancesilvery white
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Y)
Yttrium in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson
Sc
↑
Y
↓
Lu
strontium ← yttrium → zirconium
Atomic number (Z)39
Groupgroup 3
Periodperiod 5
Block  d-block
Electron configuration[Kr] 4d1 5s2
Electrons per shell2, 8, 18, 9, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolid
Melting point1799 K ​(1526 °C, ​2779 °F)
Boiling point3203 K ​(2930 °C, ​5306 °F)
Density (at 20° C)4.469 g/cm3[3]
when liquid (at m.p.)4.24 g/cm3
Heat of fusion11.42 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization363 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity26.53 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 1883 2075 (2320) (2627) (3036) (3607)
Atomic properties
Oxidation statescommon: +3
0,[4] +1,? +2[5]
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.22
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 600 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 1180 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 1980 kJ/mol
Atomic radiusempirical: 180 pm
Covalent radius190±7 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines of yttrium
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordial
Crystal structure ​hexagonal close-packed (hcp) (hP2)
Lattice constantsa = 364.83 pm
c = 573.17 pm (at 20 °C)[3]
Thermal expansion11.21×10−6/K (at 20 °C)[3][lower-alpha 1]
Thermal conductivity17.2 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivityα, poly: 596 nΩ⋅m (at r.t.)
Magnetic orderingparamagnetic[6]
Molar magnetic susceptibility+2.15×10−6 cm3/mol (2928 K)[7]
Young's modulus63.5 GPa
Shear modulus25.6 GPa
Bulk modulus41.2 GPa
Speed of sound thin rod3300 m/s (at 20 °C)
Poisson ratio0.243
Brinell hardness200–589 MPa
CAS Number7440-65-5
History
Namingafter Ytterby (Sweden) and its mineral ytterbite (gadolinite)
DiscoveryJohan Gadolin (1794)
First isolationFriedrich Wöhler (1838)
Isotopes of yttrium
Main isotopes Decay
abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
87Y synth 3.4 d ε 87Sr
γ –
88Y synth 106.6 d ε 88Sr
γ –
89Y 100% stable
90Y synth 2.7 d β− 90Zr
γ –
91Y synth 58.5 d β− 91Zr
γ –
File:Symbol category class.svg Category: Yttrium
| references
child table, as reused in {IB-Y}
Main isotopes of yttrium
Main isotopes Decay
abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
87Y synth 3.4 d ε 87Sr
γ –
88Y synth 106.6 d ε 88Sr
γ –
89Y 100% stable
90Y synth 2.7 d β− 90Zr
γ –
91Y synth 58.5 d β− 91Zr
γ –
Data sets read by {{Infobox element}}
Name and identifiers
Symbol etymology (11 non-trivial)
Top image (caption, alt) caption:

alt:
Pronunciation
Allotropes (overview)
Group (overview)
Period (overview)
Block (overview)
Natural occurrence
Phase at STP
Oxidation states
Spectral lines image
Electron configuration (cmt, ref)
Isotopes
Standard atomic weight
  most stable isotope
File:Notification-icon-Wikidata-logo.svg Wikidata
Wikidata *
* Not used in {{Infobox element}} (2023-01-01)
See also {{Index of data sets}} · Cat:data sets (0) · (this table:
)
  1. ↑ The thermal expansion is anisotropic: the parameters (at 20 °C) for each crystal axis are αa = 7.42×10−6/K, αc = 18.80×10−6/K, and αaverage = αV/3 = 11.21×10−6/K.[3]

References

These references will appear in the article, but this list appears only on this page.
  1. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2088: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  2. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2088: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2088: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  4. ↑ Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2088: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value). and Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2088: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  5. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2088: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  6. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2088: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  7. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2088: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).

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