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Lutetium, 71Lu
File:Lutetium sublimed dendritic and 1cm3 cube.jpg
Lutetium
Pronunciation/ljuːˈtiːʃiəm/ ​(lew-TEE-shee-əm)
Appearancesilvery white
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Lu)
Lutetium in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson
Y
↑
Lu
↓
Lr
ytterbium ← lutetium → hafnium
Atomic number (Z)71
Groupgroup 3
Periodperiod 6
Block  d-block
Electron configuration[Xe] 4f14 5d1 6s2
Electrons per shell2, 8, 18, 32, 9, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolid
Melting point1925 K ​(1652 °C, ​3006 °F)
Boiling point3675 K ​(3402 °C, ​6156 °F)
Density (at 20° C)9.840 g/cm3 [3]
when liquid (at m.p.)9.3 g/cm3
Heat of fusionca. 22 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization414 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity26.86 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 1906 2103 2346 (2653) (3072) (3663)
Atomic properties
Oxidation statescommon: +3
0,[4] +2[5]
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.27
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 523.5 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 1340 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 2022.3 kJ/mol
Atomic radiusempirical: 174 pm
Covalent radius187±8 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines of lutetium
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordial
Crystal structure ​hexagonal close-packed (hcp) (hP2)
Lattice constantsa = 350.53 pm
c = 554.93 pm (at 20 °C)[3]
Thermal expansionpoly: 9.9 µm/(m⋅K) (at r.t.)
Thermal conductivity16.4 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivitypoly: 582 nΩ⋅m (at r.t.)
Magnetic orderingparamagnetic[6]
Young's modulus68.6 GPa
Shear modulus27.2 GPa
Bulk modulus47.6 GPa
Poisson ratio0.261
Vickers hardness755–1160 MPa
Brinell hardness890–1300 MPa
CAS Number7439-94-3
History
Namingafter Lutetia, Latin for: Paris, in the Roman era
DiscoveryCarl Auer von Welsbach and Georges Urbain (1906)
First isolation1953
Named byGeorges Urbain (1906)
Isotopes of lutetium
Main isotopes[7] Decay
abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
173Lu synth 1.37 y ε 173Yb
174Lu synth 3.31 y β+ 174Yb
175Lu 97.4% stable
176Lu 2.60% 3.701×1010 y β− 176Hf
ε[7]0.45% 176Yb
177Lu synth 6.65 d β− 177Hf
File:Symbol category class.svg Category: Lutetium
| references
child table, as reused in {IB-Lu}
Main isotopes of lutetium
Main isotopes[7] Decay
abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
173Lu synth 1.37 y ε 173Yb
174Lu synth 3.31 y β+ 174Yb
175Lu 97.4% stable
176Lu 2.60% 3.701×1010 y β− 176Hf
ε[7]0.45% 176Yb
177Lu synth 6.65 d β− 177Hf
Data sets read by {{Infobox element}}
Name and identifiers
Symbol etymology (11 non-trivial)
Top image (caption, alt) caption:

alt:
Pronunciation
Allotropes (overview)
Group (overview)
Period (overview)
Block (overview)
Natural occurrence
Phase at STP
Oxidation states
Spectral lines image
Electron configuration (cmt, ref)
Isotopes
Standard atomic weight
  most stable isotope
File:Notification-icon-Wikidata-logo.svg Wikidata
Wikidata *
* Not used in {{Infobox element}} (2023-01-01)
See also {{Index of data sets}} · Cat:data sets (0) · (this table:
)

References

These references will appear in the article, but this list appears only on this page.
  1. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2088: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  2. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2088: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2088: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  4. ↑ Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2088: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value). and Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2088: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  5. ↑ All the lanthanides, except Pm, in the +2 oxidation state have been observed in organometallic molecular complexes, see Lanthanides Topple Assumptions and Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2088: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).. Additionally, all the lanthanides (La–Lu) form dihydrides (LnH2), dicarbides (LnC2), monosulfides (LnS), monoselenides (LnSe), and monotellurides (LnTe), but for most elements these compounds have Ln3+ ions with electrons delocalized into conduction bands, e. g. Ln3+(H−)2(e−).
  6. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2088: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2088: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).

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