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Praseodymium, 59Pr
File:Praseodymium.jpg
Praseodymium
Pronunciation/ˌpreɪziːəˈdɪmiəm/[1] ​(PRAY-zee-ə-DIM-ee-əm)
Appearancegrayish white
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Pr)
Praseodymium in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson
–
↑
Pr
↓
Pa
cerium ← praseodymium → neodymium
Atomic number (Z)59
Groupf-block groups (no number)
Periodperiod 6
Block  f-block
Electron configuration[Xe] 4f3 6s2
Electrons per shell2, 8, 18, 21, 8, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolid
Melting point1204 K ​(931 °C, ​1708 °F)[4]
Boiling point3403 K ​(3130 °C, ​5666 °F)
Density (at 20° C)6.773 g/cm3 [4]
when liquid (at m.p.)6.50 g/cm3
Heat of fusion6.89 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization331 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity27.20 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 1771 1973 (2227) (2571) (3054) (3779)
Atomic properties
Oxidation statescommon: +3
0,[5] +1,[6] +2,[7] +4,? +5
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.13
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 527 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 1020 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 2086 kJ/mol
Atomic radiusempirical: 182 pm
Covalent radius203±7 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines of praseodymium
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordial
Crystal structure ​double hexagonal close-packed (dhcp) (hP4)
Lattice constantsa = 0.36723 nm
c = 1.18328 nm (at 20 °C)[4]
Thermal expansion4.5×10−6/K (at 20 °C)[4][lower-alpha 1]
Thermal conductivity12.5 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivitypoly: 0.700 µΩ⋅m (at r.t.)
Magnetic orderingparamagnetic[8]
Molar magnetic susceptibility+5010.0×10−6 cm3/mol (293 K)[9]
Young's modulus37.3 GPa
Shear modulus14.8 GPa
Bulk modulus28.8 GPa
Speed of sound thin rod2280 m/s (at 20 °C)
Poisson ratio0.281
Vickers hardness250–745 MPa
Brinell hardness250–640 MPa
CAS Number7440-10-0
History
DiscoveryCarl Auer von Welsbach (1885)
Isotopes of praseodymium
Main isotopes[10] Decay
abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
141Pr 100% stable
142Pr synth 19.12 h β− 142Nd
ε 142Ce
143Pr synth 13.57 d β− 143Nd
File:Symbol category class.svg Category: Praseodymium
| references
child table, as reused in {IB-Pr}
Main isotopes of praseodymium
Main isotopes[10] Decay
abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
141Pr 100% stable
142Pr synth 19.12 h β− 142Nd
ε 142Ce
143Pr synth 13.57 d β− 143Nd
Data sets read by {{Infobox element}}
Name and identifiers
Symbol etymology (11 non-trivial)
Top image (caption, alt) caption:

alt:
Pronunciation
Allotropes (overview)
Group (overview)
Period (overview)
Block (overview)
Natural occurrence
Phase at STP
Oxidation states
Spectral lines image
Electron configuration (cmt, ref)
Isotopes
Standard atomic weight
  most stable isotope
File:Notification-icon-Wikidata-logo.svg Wikidata
Wikidata *
* Not used in {{Infobox element}} (2023-01-01)
See also {{Index of data sets}} · Cat:data sets (0) · (this table:
)

Notes

  1. ↑ The thermal expansion is highly anisotropic: the parameters (at 20 °C) for each crystal axis are αa = 1.4×10−6/K, αc = 10.8×10−6/K, and αaverage = αV/3 = 4.5×10−6/K.

References

These references will appear in the article, but this list appears only on this page.
  1. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2088: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value). (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
  2. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2088: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  3. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2088: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2088: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  5. ↑ Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2088: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value). and Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2088: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  6. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2088: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  7. ↑ All the lanthanides, except Pm, in the +2 oxidation state have been observed in organometallic molecular complexes, see Lanthanides Topple Assumptions and Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2088: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).. Additionally, all the lanthanides (La–Lu) form dihydrides (LnH2), dicarbides (LnC2), monosulfides (LnS), monoselenides (LnSe), and monotellurides (LnTe), but for most elements these compounds have Ln3+ ions with electrons delocalized into conduction bands, e. g. Ln3+(H−)2(e−).
  8. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2088: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  9. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2088: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2088: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).

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