Template:Infobox aluminium
Appearance
File:Aluminium-4.jpg | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Aluminium | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Pronunciation |
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Alternative name | Aluminum (U.S., Canada) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Appearance | Silvery gray metallic | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Al) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Aluminium in the periodic table | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Atomic number (Z) | 13 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Group | group 13 (boron group) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Period | period 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Block | p-block | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Electron configuration | [Ne] 3s2 3p1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Physical properties | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Phase at STP | solid | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Melting point | 933.47 K (660.32 °C, 1220.58 °F) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Boiling point | 2743[4] K (2470 °C, 4478 °F) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Density (at 20 °C) | 2.699 g/cm3[5] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
when liquid (at m.p.) | 2.375 g/cm3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Heat of fusion | 10.71 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Heat of vaporization | 284 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Molar heat capacity | 24.20 J/(mol·K) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Vapor pressure
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Atomic properties | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Oxidation states | common: +3 −2,[6] −1,[7] 0,[8] +1,[9][10] +2[11] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 1.61 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ionization energies |
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Atomic radius | empirical: 143 pm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Covalent radius | 121±4 pm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Van der Waals radius | 184 pm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other properties | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Natural occurrence | primordial | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Crystal structure | face-centered cubic (fcc) (cF4) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lattice constant | a = 404.93 pm (at 20 °C)[5] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Thermal expansion | 22.87×10−6/K (at 20 °C)[5] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Thermal conductivity | 237 W/(m⋅K) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Electrical resistivity | 26.5 nΩ⋅m (at 20 °C) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Magnetic ordering | paramagnetic[12] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Molar magnetic susceptibility | +16.5×10−6 cm3/mol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Young's modulus | 70 GPa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Shear modulus | 26 GPa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bulk modulus | 76 GPa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Speed of sound thin rod | (rolled) 5000 m/s (at r.t.) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Poisson ratio | 0.35 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mohs hardness | 2.75 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Vickers hardness | 160–350 MPa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Brinell hardness | 160–550 MPa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
CAS Number | 7429-90-5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
History | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Naming | from alumine, obsolete name for alumina | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Prediction | Antoine Lavoisier (1782) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Discovery | Hans Christian Ørsted (1824) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Named by | Humphry Davy (1812[lower-alpha 1]) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Isotopes of aluminium | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Al · Aluminium | ||
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Mg ← |
→ Si | |
indexes by PT (page) |
child table, as reused in {IB-Al} | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Main isotopes of aluminium | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Data sets read by {{Infobox element}} | |
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Name and identifiers | |
Symbol etymology (11 non-trivial) | |
Top image (caption, alt) | caption: alt: |
Pronunciation | |
Allotropes (overview) | |
Group (overview) | |
Period (overview) | |
Block (overview) | |
Natural occurrence | |
Phase at STP | |
Oxidation states | |
Spectral lines image | |
Electron configuration (cmt, ref) | |
Isotopes | |
Standard atomic weight | |
most stable isotope | |
File:Notification-icon-Wikidata-logo.svg Wikidata | |
Wikidata * | |
* Not used in {{Infobox element}} (2023-01-01) See also {{Index of data sets}} · Cat:data sets (0) · (this table: ) |
- ↑ Davy's 1812 written usage of the word aluminum was predated by other authors' usage of aluminium. However, Davy is often mentioned as the person who named the element; he was the first to coin a name for aluminium: he used alumium in 1808. Other authors did not accept that name, choosing aluminium instead. See below for more details.
References
- ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2088: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value). (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
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- ↑ Jump up to: 5.0 5.1 5.2 Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2088: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ↑ Al(−2) has been observed in Sr14[Al4]2[Ge]3, see Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2088: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ↑ Al(–1) has been reported in Na5Al5; see Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2088: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ↑ Unstable carbonyl of Al(0) has been detected in reaction of Al2(CH3)6 with carbon monoxide; see Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2088: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2088: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
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- ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2088: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ↑ Jump up to: 13.0 13.1 Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2088: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ↑ Jump up to: 14.0 14.1 Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2088: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
One of these is a named reference. It may be cited in the containing article as
- <ref name="CIAAW2013" /> for the source Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (from subtemplates used by {{Infobox element}})
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