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Iron, 26FePure iron chips with a high purity iron cube |
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Pronunciation | |
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Allotropes | see Allotropes of iron |
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Appearance | lustrous metallic with a grayish tinge |
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Atomic number (Z) | 26 |
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Group | group 8 |
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Period | period 4 |
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Block | d-block |
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Electron configuration | [Ar] 3d6 4s2 |
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Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 14, 2 |
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Phase at STP | solid |
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Melting point | 1811 K (1538 °C, 2800 °F) |
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Boiling point | 3134 K (2861 °C, 5182 °F) |
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Density (at 20° C) | 7.874 g/cm3 [3] |
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when liquid (at m.p.) | 6.98 g/cm3 |
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Heat of fusion | 13.81 kJ/mol |
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Heat of vaporization | 340 kJ/mol |
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Molar heat capacity | 25.10 J/(mol·K) |
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Vapor pressure
P (Pa)
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1
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10
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100
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1 k
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10 k
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100 k
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at T (K)
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1728
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1890
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2091
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2346
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2679
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3132
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Oxidation states | common: +2, +3
−2,[4] −1,[4] 0,[4] +1,[5] +4,[4] +5,[6] +6,[4] +7[7] |
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Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 1.83 |
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Ionization energies | - 1st: 762.5 kJ/mol
- 2nd: 1561.9 kJ/mol
- 3rd: 2957 kJ/mol
- (more)
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Atomic radius | empirical: 126 pm |
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Covalent radius | Low spin: 132±3 pm High spin: 152±6 pm |
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Van der Waals radius | 194 [1] pm |
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Color lines in a spectral rangeSpectral lines of iron |
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Natural occurrence | primordial |
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Crystal structure | α-Fe: body-centered cubic (bcc) (cI2) |
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Lattice constant | a = 286.65 pm (at 20 °C)[3] |
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Crystal structure | γ-Fe (912–1394 °C): face-centered cubic (fcc) (cF4) |
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Lattice constant | a = 364.68 pm (at 916 °C)[8] |
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Thermal expansion | 12.07×10−6/K (at 20 °C)[3] |
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Thermal conductivity | 80.4 W/(m⋅K) |
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Electrical resistivity | 96.1 nΩ⋅m (at 20 °C) |
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Curie point | 1043 K |
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Magnetic ordering | ferromagnetic |
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Young's modulus | 211 GPa |
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Shear modulus | 82 GPa |
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Bulk modulus | 170 GPa |
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Speed of sound thin rod | 5120 m/s (at r.t.) (electrolytic) |
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Poisson ratio | 0.29 |
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Mohs hardness | 4 |
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Vickers hardness | 608 MPa |
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Brinell hardness | 200–1180 MPa |
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CAS Number | 7439-89-6 |
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Discovery | before 5000 BC |
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Symbol | "Fe": from Latin ferrum |
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File:Symbol category class.svg Category: Iron | references |
child table, as reused in {IB-Fe} |
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References
These references will appear in the article, but this list appears only on this page.
- ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2088: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2088: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ↑ Jump up to: 3.0 3.1 3.2 Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2088: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ↑ Jump up to: 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2088: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2088: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2088: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2088: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2088: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ↑ Jump up to: 9.0 9.1 Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2088: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
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