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Template:Infobox scandium

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Scandium, 21Sc
File:Scandium sublimed dendritic and 1cm3 cube.jpg
Scandium
Pronunciation/ˈskændiəm/ ​(SKAN-dee-əm)
Appearancesilvery white
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Sc)
Scandium in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson
–
↑
Sc
↓
Y
calcium ← scandium → titanium
Atomic number (Z)21
Groupgroup 3
Periodperiod 4
Block  d-block
Electron configuration[Ar] 3d1 4s2
Electrons per shell2, 8, 9, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolid
Melting point1814 K ​(1541 °C, ​2806 °F)
Boiling point3109 K ​(2836 °C, ​5136 °F)
Density (at 20° C)2.989 g/cm3 [3]
when liquid (at m.p.)2.80 g/cm3
Heat of fusion14.1 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization332.7 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity25.52 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 1645 1804 (2006) (2266) (2613) (3101)
Atomic properties
Oxidation statescommon: +3
0,[4] +1,[5] +2[6]
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.36
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 633.1 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 1235.0 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 2388.6 kJ/mol
  • (more)
Atomic radiusempirical: 162 pm
Covalent radius170±7 pm
Van der Waals radius211 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines of scandium
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordial
Crystal structure ​hexagonal close-packed (hcp) (hP2)
Lattice constantsa = 330.89 pm c = 526.80 pm (at 20 °C)[3]
Thermal expansion9.97×10−6/K (at 20 °C)[lower-alpha 1]
Thermal conductivity15.8 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivityα, poly: 562 nΩ⋅m (at r.t., calculated)
Magnetic orderingparamagnetic
Molar magnetic susceptibility+315.0×10−6 cm3/mol (292 K)[7]
Young's modulus74.4 GPa
Shear modulus29.1 GPa
Bulk modulus56.6 GPa
Poisson ratio0.279
Brinell hardness736–1200 MPa
CAS Number7440-20-2
History
Namingafter Scandinavia
PredictionDmitri Mendeleev (1871)
DiscoveryLars Fredrik Nilson (1879)
First isolationW. Fischer, K. Brünger, H. Grieneisen (1937)
Isotopes of scandium
Main isotopes[8] Decay
abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
44Sc synth 4.0421 h ε 44Ca
44m3Sc synth 58.61 h IT 44Sc
γ 44Sc
ε 44Ca
45Sc 100% stable
46Sc synth 83.757 d β− 46Ti
γ –
47Sc synth 3.3492 d β− 47Ti
γ –
48Sc synth 43.67 h β− 48Ti
γ –
File:Symbol category class.svg Category: Scandium
| references
child table, as reused in {IB-Sc}
Main isotopes of scandium
Main isotopes[8] Decay
abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
44Sc synth 4.0421 h ε 44Ca
44m3Sc synth 58.61 h IT 44Sc
γ 44Sc
ε 44Ca
45Sc 100% stable
46Sc synth 83.757 d β− 46Ti
γ –
47Sc synth 3.3492 d β− 47Ti
γ –
48Sc synth 43.67 h β− 48Ti
γ –
Data sets read by {{Infobox element}}
Name and identifiers
Symbol etymology (11 non-trivial)
Top image (caption, alt) caption:

alt:
Pronunciation
Allotropes (overview)
Group (overview)
Period (overview)
Block (overview)
Natural occurrence
Phase at STP
Oxidation states
Spectral lines image
Electron configuration (cmt, ref)
Isotopes
Standard atomic weight
  most stable isotope
File:Notification-icon-Wikidata-logo.svg Wikidata
Wikidata *
* Not used in {{Infobox element}} (2023-01-01)
See also {{Index of data sets}} · Cat:data sets (0) · (this table:
)

Notes

  1. ↑ The thermal expansion of scandium is anisotropic: the coefficients for each crystal axis are (at 20 °C): αa = 7.98×10−6/K, αc = 13.94×10−6/K, and αaverage = αV/3 = 9.97×10−6/K.

References

These references will appear in the article, but this list appears only on this page.
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