Template:Infobox tin

Tin, ₅₀Sn

File:Sn-Alpha-Beta.jpg
Tin
Allotropes	silvery-white, β (beta); gray, α (alpha)
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Sn)
	118.710±0.007 118.71±0.01 (abridged)
Tin in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson Ge ↑ Sn ↓ Pb indium ← tin → antimony
Atomic number (Z)	50
Group	group 14 (carbon group)
Period	period 5
Block	p-block
Electron configuration	[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 18, 4
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Melting point	505.08 K ​(231.93 °C, ​449.47 °F)
Boiling point	2875 K ​(2602 °C, ​4716 °F)
Density (at 20° C)	white (β): 7.289 g/cm3 gray (α): 5.770 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	6.99 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	white (β): 7.03 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	white (β): 296.1 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	white (β): 27.112 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 1497 1657 1855 2107 2438 2893
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	common: −4, +2, +4 −3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +3
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.96
Ionization energies	1st: 708.6 kJ/mol 2nd: 1411.8 kJ/mol 3rd: 2943.0 kJ/mol
Atomic radius	empirical: 140 pm
Covalent radius	139±4 pm
Van der Waals radius	217 pm
Color lines in a spectral range Spectral lines of tin
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordial
Crystal structure	white (β): ​body-centered tetragonal (tI4)
Lattice constants	Body-centered tetragonal crystal structure for white (β): tin white (β): a = 583.13 pm c = 318.11 pm (at 20 °C)
Crystal structure	gray (α): ​face-centered diamond-cubic (cF8)
Lattice constant	Diamond cubic crystal structure for gray (α): tin gray (α): a = 648.96 pm (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	white (β): 21.76×10−6/K (at 20 °C) gray (α): 5.20×10−6/K (at 20 °C)
Thermal conductivity	66.8 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity	115 nΩ⋅m (at 0 °C)
Magnetic ordering	white (β): paramagnetic gray (α): diamagnetic
Molar magnetic susceptibility	white (β): +3.1×10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)
Young's modulus	50 GPa
Shear modulus	18 GPa
Bulk modulus	58 GPa
Speed of sound thin rod	2730 m/s (at r.t.) (rolled)
Poisson ratio	0.36
Mohs hardness	1.5
Brinell hardness	50–440 MPa
CAS Number	7440-31-5
History
Discovery	protohistoric, around 35th century BC
Symbol	"Sn": from Latin stannum
Isotopes of tin
Main isotopes Decay abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct 112Sn 0.970% stable 114Sn 0.66% stable 115Sn 0.34% stable 116Sn 14.5% stable 117Sn 7.68% stable 118Sn 24.2% stable 119Sn 8.59% stable 120Sn 32.6% stable 122Sn 4.63% stable 124Sn 5.79% stable 126Sn trace 2.3×105 y β− 126Sb

Sn · Tin
In ← ibox In	iso 50 Sn  [] IB-Sn [] IBisos []	→ Sb ibox Sb
File:Symbol category class.svg cat:Sn (0) File:Symbol category class.svg cat:Sn-isotopes (0) File:Commons-logo.svg Commons File:Wikidata-logo.svg Wikidata:Q1096 File:Wiktionary-logo.svg Wiktionary
indexes by PT (page)

child table, as reused in {IB-Sn}
Main isotopes of tin
Main isotopes Decay abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct 112Sn 0.970% stable 114Sn 0.66% stable 115Sn 0.34% stable 116Sn 14.5% stable 117Sn 7.68% stable 118Sn 24.2% stable 119Sn 8.59% stable 120Sn 32.6% stable 122Sn 4.63% stable 124Sn 5.79% stable 126Sn trace 2.3×105 y β− 126Sb

Data sets read by {{Infobox element}}
Name and identifiers
Symbol etymology (11 non-trivial)
Top image (caption, alt)	caption: alt:
Pronunciation
Allotropes (overview)
Group (overview)
Period (overview)
Block (overview)
Natural occurrence
Phase at STP
Oxidation states
Spectral lines image
Electron configuration (cmt, ref)
Isotopes
Standard atomic weight
most stable isotope
File:Notification-icon-Wikidata-logo.svg Wikidata
Wikidata *
* Not used in {{Infobox element}} (2023-01-01) See also {{Index of data sets}} · Cat:data sets (0) · (this table: )

References

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