Template:Infobox gadolinium

Gadolinium, ₆₄Gd

File:Gadolinium-4.jpg
Gadolinium
Pronunciation	/ˌɡædəˈlɪniəm/ ​(GAD-ə-LIN-ee-əm)
Appearance	silvery white
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Gd)
	157.249±0.002 157.25±0.01 (abridged)
Gadolinium in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson – ↑ Gd ↓ Cm europium ← gadolinium → terbium
Atomic number (Z)	64
Group	f-block groups (no number)
Period	period 6
Block	f-block
Electron configuration	[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 25, 9, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Melting point	1585 K ​(1312 °C, ​2394 °F)
Boiling point	3546 K ​(3273 °C, ​5923 °F)
Density (at 20° C)	7.899 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	7.4 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	10.05 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	301.3 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	37.03 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure (calculated) P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 1836 2028 2267 2573 2976 3535
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	common: +3 0, +1, +2
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.20
Ionization energies	1st: 593.4 kJ/mol 2nd: 1170 kJ/mol 3rd: 1990 kJ/mol
Atomic radius	empirical: 180 pm
Covalent radius	196±6 pm
Color lines in a spectral range Spectral lines of gadolinium
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordial
Crystal structure	​hexagonal close-packed (hcp) (hP2)
Lattice constants	Hexagonal close packed crystal structure for gadolinium a = 363.37 pm c = 578.21 pm (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	−21.4×10−6/K (at 20 °C) 11.1×10−6/K (at 100 °C)
Thermal conductivity	10.6 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity	α, poly: 1.310 µΩ⋅m
Magnetic ordering	ferromagnetic–paramagnetic transition at 293.4 K
Molar magnetic susceptibility	+755000.0×10−6 cm3/mol (300.6 K)
Young's modulus	α form: 54.8 GPa
Shear modulus	α form: 21.8 GPa
Bulk modulus	α form: 37.9 GPa
Speed of sound thin rod	2680 m/s (at 20 °C)
Poisson ratio	α form: 0.259
Vickers hardness	510–950 MPa
CAS Number	7440-54-2
History
Naming	after the mineral gadolinite (itself named after Johan Gadolin)
Discovery	Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac (1880)
First isolation	Félix Trombe (1935)
Isotopes of gadolinium
Main isotopes Decay abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct 148Gd synth 86.9 y α 144Sm 150Gd synth 1.79×106 y α 146Sm 151Gd synth 123.9 d ε 151Eu α 147Sm 152Gd 0.2% 1.08×1014 y α 148Sm 153Gd synth 240.6 d ε 153Eu 154Gd 2.18% stable 155Gd 14.8% stable 156Gd 20.5% stable 157Gd 15.7% stable 158Gd 24.8% stable 160Gd 21.9% stable

Gd · Gadolinium
Eu ← ibox Eu	iso 64 Gd  [] IB-Gd [] IBisos []	→ Tb ibox Tb
File:Symbol category class.svg cat:Gd (0) File:Symbol category class.svg cat:Gd-isotopes (0) File:Commons-logo.svg Commons File:Wikidata-logo.svg Wikidata:Q1832 File:Wiktionary-logo.svg Wiktionary
indexes by PT (page)

child table, as reused in {IB-Gd}
Main isotopes of gadolinium
Main isotopes Decay abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct 148Gd synth 86.9 y α 144Sm 150Gd synth 1.79×106 y α 146Sm 151Gd synth 123.9 d ε 151Eu α 147Sm 152Gd 0.2% 1.08×1014 y α 148Sm 153Gd synth 240.6 d ε 153Eu 154Gd 2.18% stable 155Gd 14.8% stable 156Gd 20.5% stable 157Gd 15.7% stable 158Gd 24.8% stable 160Gd 21.9% stable

Data sets read by {{Infobox element}}
Name and identifiers
Symbol etymology (11 non-trivial)
Top image (caption, alt)	caption: alt:
Pronunciation
Allotropes (overview)
Group (overview)
Period (overview)
Block (overview)
Natural occurrence
Phase at STP
Oxidation states
Spectral lines image
Electron configuration (cmt, ref)
Isotopes
Standard atomic weight
most stable isotope
File:Notification-icon-Wikidata-logo.svg Wikidata
Wikidata *
* Not used in {{Infobox element}} (2023-01-01) See also {{Index of data sets}} · Cat:data sets (0) · (this table: )

References

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